Causes and patterns of overtime
We review where, when, and why overtime happens and how to reduce it.
Overtime causes and patterns are not transparent, making it hard to judge justification and reduce it.
We show planned vs ad hoc overtime content and whether daytime capacity existed, so justification becomes clear.
With JC360 data we uncover overtime causes and patterns, separating planned and ad hoc overtime.
We show whether people scheduled for overtime had daytime idle capacity and whether overtime hours were fully utilized.
This makes justification clear and enables concrete interventions to reduce overtime and rebalance capacity.